David Sedaris and Projecting Sexual Orientations Through Speech Research Paper

David Sedaris and Projecting Sexual Orientations Through Speech - Research Paper Example The opening of the report consists of the information about David Sedaris as a writer. Writers generally write about their experiences. As an essayist and a humorist, David Sedaris chronicles his experiences and more, in order for the people to get entertained. His works can be satirical and deadpan, or maybe even exaggerated. Whatever the style is, David Sedaris is a chronicler of life. And his life, whether you want to admit it or not, is really interesting, and that makes it very readable. But then again, David Sedaris is not a very special man. In fact, he is too much like the rest of the world, which is why many people read him. But the fact remains that he is sure interesting enough in order for the person to have such interesting experiences – experiences that lead the readers to enjoy a funny, vicarious experience. Why is this so? Why is David Sedaris genuinely interesting to the rest of the world? David Sedaris is an American writer, first and foremost. Most of his wo rks focus on his experiences on being American: being American in America (as he recalled in â€Å"End of the Affair† in the book Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim, for example), being American in Paris or being American in Japan, or wherever it was he went (such as the essays in When You Are Engulfed In Flames). He offers a different take on being American, and this is largely due to his colorful personality and his ability to appreciate reality. His works are funny largely because of the people around him which can be quite rambunctious and funny, all because they differ than most people. But generally, the observations made by Sedaris as an American are quite useful for the traveler, as they can actually use the information as tools for insight, as the self-deprecating humor can actually highlight the flaws on has for being who he is, which in this case, is being American. It offers non-biased, non-judgmental reflection on how it is to be an American, especially abro ad. Add to the fact that he is a smoker, and how it means to be a smoker. Experiences which relate to being a smoker can be largely found in the book, When You Are Engulfed With Flames, especially being a smoker in foreign countries like France and Japan. But then his earlier work always through references to smoking, especially with his family: his mother and sisters are all smokers. This time, smoking is not preached as good or bad, it just is smoking. His being a smoker adds dimension to his persona, to his experiences. He is also not rich. He came from a working class family. His essays revolve on his experiences as a struggling writer. He was a cleaning guy in New York for some time. He was also an apple-picker once, just to take a stab at romanticism. Although they were not struggling as a family, his experiences as a young man (or boy) trying to make ends meet are hilarious. There is this essay where he talks about how obsessed he was at being rich. He was constant dreamer. T hat’s for sure, and his constant to be part of something grad, something that most people are not privy to, makes him a very good vessel for many who would also like to try his antics, but couldn’t. But he also suffered some tics. Maybe they were developmental tics at the time, who knows. In Naked, there is an essay called a â€Å"Plague of Tics†, casually making his experience with tics accessible to

Exploring the Past Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Past Essay All of us have little secrets which we don’t want to share with others – things which we are ashamed of, things which are too intimate to tell or just things which happened in the past and we don’t want to tell them because they may hurt someone or they may cause troubles to us. I have the perfect example that exploring the past sometimes may be painful. I have a friend – Lora- which is very amorous and gives all of herself for her boyfriend. But her ex one didn’t understand that. Tom – her ex-boyfriend was very weird and he wanted to know all about Lora’s previous relationships. One day he asked her why she has broken up with her last boyfriend. At first she didn’t want to talk about that but he was urging her. So she told Tom that she has betrayed her last boyfriend and that was the reason of their parting. When she has been at a party at a friend of her she has got very drunk and a boy from the party has embraced the opportunity and got alone with her. In the morning she couldn’t remember anything but it has been too late. The lover had gone off. Her only fault was that she had drunk so much but she wasn’t guilty for the rest of the occurrence. But her then boyfriend didn’t understand that and he left her although she loved him very much. As for Tom he thought Lora could do that again. They have been together for two years and he chucked her up because she might repeat the same mistake again. It was such a stupid reason. She could correct her mistake but she loved Tom very much. He loved her too but feelings were obviously insufficient to keep them together. They both pined after each other for a long but they didn’t get together again. We can’t return the time and fix our mistakes, nobody can change the past. So it is extremely purposeless to explore the old times. It’s just a waste of time which we can spend in creating the future.

Are Grades Distributed Fairly English Language Essay

Are Grades Distributed Fairly English Language Essay Elliott Miles, a retired educator and university president, discusses a disturbing trend on college campuses: grade inflation. Before you read, think of these questions: In the American education system, what does a grade of A mean? A grade of B, C, D? What about a grade of F? In your university courses, what grades do most students receive? Do you think the grades are distributed fairly (1) Most American universities today still use the traditional grading system of A-B-C-D-F, with A meaning excellent, B good, C satisfactory or average, D unsatisfactory but passing, and F of course failing. While some feel that this system has shortcomings (too inexact, too artificial, too subjective), it does represent the possible range of a students work, and most students and faculty members are comfortable or at least familiar with it. So far so good. However, American universities since the mid 1960s have increasingly been affected by the problem of grade inflation. This refers to the tendency of many faculty members to over-evaluate the quality of a students work and consequently to assign her/him a grade higher than the work deserves. The reason this practice is called inflation, a term borrowed from economics, is that it resembles paying too high a price for a given item, for example twenty dollars for a loaf of bread. The problem is common among American universities, in cluding even our most prestigious institutions, such as Harvard. As Craig Lambert reports in his article Desperately Seeking Summa, the grade of A there accounted for about twenty-two percent of all grades in 1966-67, whereas by 1991-92 it had come to account for forty-three percent almost double. (2) The trend toward inflated grades began in the mid-1960s probably because that was a time of great unrest on college campuses in the United States. There were widespread student protests against the Vietnam War and civil authority in general, frequently with the support and participation of the faculty. Under these circumstances, grading standards began to shift for the worse. Faculty members became more and more unwilling to give students a D, let alone an F; the grade of C came to denote a minimal pass, B to represent satisfactory, and A to mean better than a B. Today, students and faculty alike have this new, watered-down system in their heads, although their universitys official grading policy may be unchanged from previous times. (3) Why is this a problem? After all, a student is unlikely to feel put upon if his/her work is over-valued. However, when a faculty member records that a student has done excellent work, when in fact the work might only be pretty good or merely fair, that faculty member has committed two faults. First, he/she has told a lie about the students work, misrepresenting the students achievements. How would we react if the misrepresentation went the other way if the student had done excellent work, but the faculty member assigned a grade of B or even C? This would strike us all as dreadful, yet faculty members who assign falsely high grades are showing equally faulty judgment. Inaccurate grading is inaccurate grading, no matter which direction it takes. (4) The second fault is that the faculty member has broken faith with all those who will be harmed by the dishonesty. Most obvious among these are the students who really did do excellent or good work. It is grossly unfair to students who earned real As or Bs if their accomplishments are devalued by the lax standards applied to others. To illustrate with an example from the workplace: would it be fair for two employees to receive the same raise when one had done excellent work and the other only mediocre? (5) Grade inflation also harms anyone who must evaluate a students record, such as admissions officers at other universities and at professional schools. For instance, medical and law schools never have enough spaces for all applicants and hence must choose only the best qualified. When admissions officers evaluate the transcript of a student who received inflated grades as an under graduate, they get a false idea of that students past performance as well as his/her potential for future success in a rigorous professional curriculum. For a similar reason, potential employers are harmed when they are presented with an inflated academic transcript; faced with seemingly equal candidates, they may give a desirable position to a less deserving applicant because they had a false understanding of that persons actual abilities. (6) And finally, our society at large is harmed because grade inflation undermines the integrity of the universities, which is one of our greatest assets. If university faculty members cannot be trusted to give an honest evaluation of each students academic work, public disappointment will inevitably set in and rightly so. The solution to the problem, though difficult, is simple: each faculty member should make a conscious decision to assign grades based on the actual quality of a students work, realizing that not every student will be able to earn the highest, or even the second highest, grade. One of my former students made the point very concisely in an essay that she wrote on grade inflation: Lets put the excellence back in the A. Author of article Elliott Miles Title of article Lets Put the Excellence Back in the A Title of the book Refining Composition Skills: Rhetoric and Grammar Author of book Reginal L. Smally, Mark K. Reutten and Joann R. Kozyrev Publisher Heinle Heinle Date 2001 Place Australia Choose one or more of the following questions to inspire your reader response paragraph. 1. How do the impressions of the audience change (or do they) after the second reading? Does the audience think any differently? Is the topic one that would make readers want to learn more? Why or why not? What is it that a reader would want to research for additional information? 2. Sometimes articles touch their audience, reminding them of their own life, as part of the larger human experience. Are there connections between the article and the audiences own life? Or, does the article remind its audience of an event (or events) that happened to someone they know? Does the article have a connection to a previous book or article? 3. If you were the author, would you have changed anything in the article and ideas? Do you have a negative connotation associated with the idea? What would you chance? 4. Does the article leave the audience with questions they would like to ask? What are they? Would the audience like to direct their questions at a particular character or an idea? What questions would the audience like to ask the author of the article? Are they questions that the audience may be able to answer by reading more about the authors life and/or works? What are the questions and how would they be answered? 5. Is there an idea in the book that makes the audience stop and think, or prompts questions? Identify the idea and explain the responses. 6. Has the article changed the reader in any way? The way you look at this theme or behave if you were to talk about this theme? What did you learn that you never knew before? 7. Capture what it is about the book that stands out (or doesnt stand out).

Analysis of The Sport of the Gods by Paul Essay -- The Sport of the Go

Analysis of The Sport of the Gods by Paul The book "The Sport of the Gods" by Paul is about an African American servant named Berry Hamilton who lived with Fannie and two kids, a son named Joe and daughter named Kit. They lived in a little cottage that sat in the back of the mansion of his employer Maurice Oakley. Berry had been a butler for Mr. Oakley for twenty years. Berry was a loyal and hard working man for Mr. Oakley. Mr. Oakley treated him with so much respect and gave him so much that Berry felt that he had no choice but to serve him the way he did. Mr. Oakley could always depend on Berry Hamilton, until the day that Francis Oakley noticed that he hadn't locked up the drawer where he hide his money. When he opened the drawer, praying that no one had took the money, to his surprise it was gone. Francis told his brother Maurice and after the party was over and everyone was gone they called a detective to find the missing money. While walking around the room the detective noticed Berry's cottage out of the window. He sa id that it was a possibility that Berry was the thief. Mr. Oakley couldn't believe what he was hearing. He had always trusted Berry and thought that he would never steal from him, especially after all that he had done for him. The next day the detective was at Mr. Oakley's home waiting to speak with him about his case of the missing money. The detective reported that the same day the money was missing Berry had deposited over eight hundred dollars, the...

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro Regardless of the setting and the time, maturity and development are key processes that reshape individual’s character. Although on the surface, Hayao Miyazaki’s film, Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh have nothing in common based on their different historical and geographical settings, they are tied together by the genre called â€Å"Bildungsroman†. A genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood, also known as a coming of age novel.The film, Spirited Away, is about Chihiro, a young girl who is taken down an unusual road by her parents while moving to a new home in an unfamiliar town. Their curiosity leads them into what appears to be an abandoned amusement park. As they explore, they come across an unattended food stand and the parents help themselves; later as the sun sets, they are transformed into pigs by some sort of sorcery. Chihiro is left alone t o figure out how to free her parents and escape this unknown world. Thankfully, she finds companionship in a boy named Haku who guides her through the obstacles she has to face along the way.The Epic of Gilgamesh begins in a similar manner as Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk appears to be an unfit leader for his city. As the city continues to resent their leader, the gods of Uruk decide to create Enkidu, a companion and diversion for Gilgamesh. Immediately after their friendship begins, Gilgamesh's selfish character is transformed into one of a more giving and gracious leader. These personal transformations interconnect the two stories that appear to be unrelated at first glance. The most essential similarity between The Epic of Gilgamesh and Spirited away is the companionship they find which begins their transformation.Without their companions, neither Chihiro nor Gilgamesh would be able to overcome their obstacles and develop into stronger characters. As the abandoned amusement park tu rns into a spirit world upon nightfall, Chihiro meets a young boy named Haku. Having been in her place previously, he instructs her on what to do in order to survive within this world and eventually save her parents. He guides her to the bathhouse for the millions of Shinto Gods that inhabit this spirit world. Following Haku's instructions enables her to find Yubaba who can give her the job she will need to stay live and function. Through her stay there, she discovers that Haku is actually a dragon under the employ of the evil witch Yubaba, who provided her with a job as well. She is able to free him along with herself as she realizes that Haku is actually a river spirit she fell into as a child. Haku responds with excitement after she tells him, â€Å"You did it, Chihiro! I remember! I was the spirit of the Kahaku River† (Miyazaki). She not only liberates him at this moment, but she completes her process of adulthood and finding a way home for herself.Chihiro began her journ ey through the spirit world simply looking for a way out, yet she was able to accomplish a lot more. None of it being possible without her guide, Haku. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh finds a similar friendship within his wild equal, Enkidu. Enkidu's companionship is essential in order for Gilgamesh's character to develop. Enkidu's greatest effect on Gilgamesh's nature occurs upon his death. Until the death of his only friend, Gilgamesh thought of himself as invincible and immortal. With Enkidu's demise, Gilgamesh falls into a state of misery and realizes what he must do.He states, â€Å"How can I keep silent, how can I stay quiet? My friend, whom I loved, has turned to clay. Shall I not be like him, and also lie down, never to rise again, through all eternity† (Epic of Gilgamesh 78)? Witnessing his friend die made Gilgamesh realize his fear of death and he therefore sets on a journey to find Uta-napishti, who has discovered the secret to immortality. Instead of returning to his old selfish ways, he takes on a quest to defeat fate. Once he reaches Uta-napishti, he is presented with a plant which grants youth upon the owner, even though he fails the test of staying awake for a week.On his journey home however, a snake retrieves the plant. Gilgamesh fails in his journey to defeat his fate, yet comes upon him a sense of humility and acceptance of his true destiny. He returns home to serve Uruk and its citizens. With the help of their companions, the main characters must overcome a series of obstacles before they can discover their full potential. In the beginning of the story, Chihiro is a spoiled child forced into the fantastic world. Chihiro becomes completely separated from everything she has known and must find her way back to reality.Her adult guidance is stripped away from her when her parents are turned into pigs after being greedy and eating plenty of food that did not belong to them. Chihiro is then forced to step up and save her own parents: â€Å"I'm sorry my sister turned your parents into pigs, but there's nothing I can do. It’s just the way things are. You'll have to help your parents and Haku by yourself† (Miyazaki). Never having been cast such responsibility, Chihiro does a pretty good job. In order to survive in the spirit world, Chihiro takes a job at the bath house run by Yubaba.There she performs hard tasks most kids her age would not be able to grasp. Chihiro taking a job is a first step into her reaching adulthood, as providing an income and hard work are grown up responsibilities. While she is working there, she faces some difficult challenges which the other workers could not handle. The first occurrence is when a creature in similar appearance to that of a stink god enters the bathhouse. The employees try to tell him to turn around, but when he ignores them and continues his way into the bathhouse, Chihiro is faced with the responsibility of cleaning him.The creature turns out to really be a River God polluted with garbage, and Chihiro is able to cure him by pulling out a bike and letting the other garbage spill out. Soon after, a spirit known as No-Face becomes a glutton, eating everything in the bathhouse. Chihiro saves the day again making him spit out all the creatures he ate and returning to his true form. Both times Chihiro was faced with challenges none of the other workers could handle. Both times, she was able to use her logic to fix the problems at hand. These obstacles forced Chihiro to grow up more quickly, as well as let her realize her true potential.Gilgamesh must make his way through hurdles as well in order to accomplish the effects of Chihiro. After meeting Enkidu, he begins this transformation by destroying two beasts. The first is Humbaba, whom Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel to the forest of Cedar to destroy. After they succeeded, the goddesses Ishtar was impressed by Gilgamesh and offers him marriage. Knowing the history of her previous husbands, howe ver, Gilgamesh refused. Angered at his refusal, Ishtar summoned a Bull to destroy Gilgamesh. He is able to overcome the bull, only marking the beginning of his metamorphosis.Soon after these events, his companion Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh takes on another mission. He goes on a journey to find the secret to immortality as he begins to strongly fear death after seeing what happened with his friend, Enkidu. He believes Uta-napishti, who lives on the other side of the world, holds the answers: â€Å"I thought, ‘I will find Uta-napishti the Distant, of whom men tell’ and I wandered journeying through every land. Many times I passed through terrible mountains, many times I crossed and recrossed all the oceans. † (Epic of Gilgamesh 85)? Uta-napishti presents him with a plant that will bestow youth upon the owner.On his way home, however, a snake snatches the plant, leaving Gilgamesh disappointed as he realizes he will never seize what he has so long struggled for. It is this loss that helps him realize what he should do next, which is to reign as the best king he possibly can. While the obstacles Chihiro and Gilgamesh had to face in order to complete their transformation differed in nature, they helped them mature into adults and realize their potential. The last aspect of a transformation, and perhaps the most important is the realization gained through the difficult tasks one had to face.Characters in both Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh become more aware that the actions they take affect other people around them as well and therefore they should make decisions that benefit them and the surrounding communities. In the opening scene of Spirited Away, Chihiro’s main concern is losing the friends she is leaving behind by moving to a new home. When she enters the spirit world and her parents are turned into pigs, she has bigger problems to take care of first. Although she takes the job at the bathhouse to help herself and her parents, she ends up saving the bathhouse itself from destruction twice.Chihiro also helps her companion Haku as she remembers his name and is able to relieve him from the spirit world. Through her journey into adulthood, Chihiro learns to make decisions that benefit her, as well as others. Gilgamesh gains similar lessons in the Epic of Gilgamesh. After all the obstacles Gilgamesh overcame to gain the plant of youth, a snake simply snatched it away. Gilgamesh sat down and wept for the plant, but through his tears he finally grasped that his mistake was to fear death in the first place.Immortality is not meant for humans, and Gilgamesh then realized that instead of chasing it, he should return to his king duties just as Uta-napishti suggested: â€Å"Let him cast off his pelts, and the sea bear them off, let his body be soaked till fair! Let a new kerchief be made for his head, let him wear royal robes, the dress fitting his dignity† (The Epic of Gilgamesh 97). Gilgamesh returns to Uru k after accepting the fact he is mortal and he should be a great leader to his citizens. The text does not reveal what happens to Gilgamesh after he gets back to Uruk.However, based on his change of character throughout the epic, a judgment can be made on how he will rule as king. He has faced and accepted the harsh reality that humans cannot have power over everything and completed his transformation. Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh seem completely unrelated at first glance due to their difference in historical and geographical setting. However, when looked at more closely, the main characters experience similar psychological and moral growth into adulthood. The transformations of both Chihiro and Gilgamesh first begin when they find companionship.Chihiro finds hers within a young boy named Haku, who guides her to survive within the spirit world. He points her to Yubaba, an evil witch who gives her a job at the bathhouse. While Chihiro is working there, she has to face the monsters that invade and pose a threat the bathhouse, a task the adult workers could not handle themselves. After overcoming these obstacles, she is able to save herself and her fellow companion Haku from the spirit world. Gilgamesh began his journey similarly as he was a selfish tyrant highly disliked by the public.When he meets his natural equal, Enkidu, his life is forever changed. The two work together and become really close friends. At the peak of their friendship however, Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh embarks on a journey to find immortality. When his journey fails, he realizes that it is not in his power to have everlasting youth, but instead he has the capability to be a great king. He returns to his home city of Uruk transformed into a stronger leader. Both characters, Chihiro and Gilgamesh began their journeys as selfish and misguided individuals, but were able to reach their full potential in the end.

Principles Of Diversity Essay

Ai Explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity It means understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences. These can be race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, physical abilities and economic status. Example: Two of my workmates are homosexual, I accept that and do not make fun of there sexual orientation and do not treat them any differently to other work mates. Equality It means treating everyone the same way regardless of there diversity. Example: Two clients accommodation is on the first floor, they both want to come down stairs because they want to participate in the afternoon entertainment. One of them has dementia and can be difficult and inter fear with other clients, you leave him or her up stairs and bring the other client down. That is not equality because of her mental diversity you are not treating him or her equal to the other person. Read more: Indirect discrimination in health and social care essay Inclusion Inclusion at its simplest is ‘the state of being included’ It is to promote that all people should be freely and openly accommodated without restrictions or limitations of any kind. Example: I make sure that every one in my care setting knows what activities are planed for the day so they can have the choice to participate if they want to. Discrimination Is the act of treating a person differently because of that  person’s race, class, sexual orientation or gender. Example: Not taking a client shopping because of her colour I would be discriminating against her because of her race. Aii For each of the following people/groups of people, describe two different possible effects of discrimination. An Individual Anger, hurt feelings and if it continues could lead to depression or loss of life. Their Families Helplessness, anger. Wider society Rioting, turn a blind eye not want to get involved. Those who discriminate A sense of power, could lead to criminal record. Aiii Identify three ways of challenging discrimination, and describe how each will promote change. Challenge: On hearing a discriminating remark I would challenge them in a calm and professional manner and tell them that what they are saying is totally unacceptable and explain why. It will promote change by educating them and would point out that they could be disciplined for there actions. Report: On witnessing a discriminating act I would report it to my manager so it can be dealt with in the appropriate manner. It will promote change by bringing it to the managers attention and he or she can deal with it quickly and efficiently and if needed further train the perpetrator in discriminate law. Positive Behaviour: I could actively challenge discrimination by acting in a way that it empowers others to challenge discriminating behaviour. Task B Leaflet Bi Your work setting is running an induction course for new social care workers in an adult social care setting. Create a leaflet, which can be used to support this course. The leaflet must include the following: a) A description of the legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. b) An explanation of the possible consequences for individuals, social care workers and others if the legislation and codes of practice are not followed. c) A description of how inclusive practice can promote equality and support diversity. d) An explanation of how to support others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. Seven Gables Care Home Totland Induction Pamphlet for New Starters Legislation and codes of practice relating to Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Discrimination. The Equality act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of there age, gender,disability, race, religion or belief and sexual orientation. The legislation is there to promote Diversity, Equality and Inclusion by making it a requirement that they are practised and incorporated into our social care setting. It is illegal to discriminate against a person/persons for any reason. A new Equality Act came into force on 1 October 2010. The Equality Act brings together over 116 separate pieces of legislation into one single Act. Combined, they make up a new Act that provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all. The main pieces of legislation are: the Equal Pay Act 1997 the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 the Race Relations act 1976 the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 the Equality Act 2006, Part 2 the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007 It is the homes code of practise to follow these legislations, by not following the legislation could have severe consequences for this home and your self. If not followed the consequences can be diverse from loosing your job to being sent to prison. Please familiar your self with the codes so it does not effect your position here and the people you work with. Try to use inclusive practise to promote equity and support diversity which means treat every one the same. Every one is treated equal here at Seven Gables from staff to clients no matter what there race, gender, sexuality, disability, religion or age. Bii Give two examples of how you could raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion. Through Training and Discussion: Training and discussions are essential to raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion in any work settings. Discussion in meetings or group discussion among staffs play a vital role to raise awareness of equality, diversity and inclusion. The more they will engage in discussion or obtain trainings about this issue the more they will learn and be aware of and also they will be able and put them in their every day’s practice. Through providing leaflet, information and policies and procedures: Providing leaflets and sufficient information regarding diversity and equality can raise awareness to a social care worker by acquiring adequate knowledge about it. It also helps them to know about the consequences if agreed ways of working are not followed which restrain them from doing any form of discrimination relating this issue. Task C Reflective account Ci Write a reflective account describing: †¢ How your personal preferences, attitudes, heritage and beliefs might impact on working practice. †¢ How to ensure that your own practice is inclusive and respects the beliefs, culture, values and preferences of individuals. Suggested word count: 500 – 700 words Cii Write a brief account that describes examples of inclusive practice. Suggested word count: 150 – 200 words (Ciii Write a brief account that describes practice, which excludes the individual and is discriminatory. Suggested word count: 150 – 200 words Reflective account I work in a Residential Care home where we have a mixture of clients with different faiths and upbringings. Because of the age difference between me and the service users, the way I was brought up will be totally different to the way the service users would have been brought up. When I was I child I was told that there was a god and had to go to Sunday school, but as I got to my teenage years I started to doubt there was a god. When I turned 18 I joined the army, where there is a strong church of England presence and at times I took comfort in the Sunday church service. It was not until I went to Rwanda that I new there was not a god, because no god would let so much killing or atrocities happen that is what I believe. But even thoe I was probable coming in to contact with the people who committed the vile acts, I had to stay professional and not let my emotions or believes stop me in doing the job I was sent there for, giving medical aid with the United Nations. Just because I don’t believe in god, do’s not mean my beliefs should impact on a service users beliefs. Many of the service users in my work setting like to mend there own clothes and darn there socks, if you say to them that shirt or dress has a hole in it and it needs to be thrown away, they look at you in discuss. When they were growing up times were hard and they had to make do with what they had and threw nothing away. My parents were the same, in 2015 thoe thing are a lot cheaper and easily obtained. But that does not mean that I should disregard there heritage and throw there  stuff away, because I no they could easily replace it. Another example is preferences, I recently had a conversation with a female service user I care for about cleanliness, she explained to me that when she was growing up she only had a bath once a week and that was only on a Sunday. I replied that I must have a bath or shower at least three times a week. I said that she can have a bath more than once a week if she would like, but I will respect her preference to have a bath once a week and on a Sunday. On leaving her room it got me thinking on my childhood and I remembered that like her I to only had a bath on a Sunday before bed. But it just shows you how some peoples preferences change over time and some stay the same. Inclusive Practise Inclusive practise is making sure that all service users are able to participate or join any activity that is planned in there care setting for example: The care Manager has organised a trip out to Ventnor Botanical Gardens. Three residents are unable to walk, to make sure they are included three wheel chairs are sourced and a special adapted minibus with a rear hydrolic ramp to which the wheel chairs can be pushed on and loaded in to the minibus is hired. All service users are there for included and no one is left behind. When there is a film afternoon planned in the t.v room, the service users that cant walk can all so be brought down from whatever floor they are on by using a wheel chair and lift so they are included in the film. Excluded Practise Excluded practice is when service users are not treated the same, for example when we have a film afternoon in our care setting. All the service users are invited including the hearing impaired, if we did not consider the people or person who is death or partially deaf, then we would be discriminating against them if we did play the film with subtitals. Another example could be if the service manager took questionnaires around to each service user, but did not consider the blind or partially blind service users. If he left the leaflet then he would be discriminating against them because he did not provide the leaflet in Braille.

Federal Government Small Business Set Aside Programs

Federal Government Small Business Set Aside Programs Every federal government purchase anticipated to be valued from $2500 to $100,000 is automatically set-aside for small businesses as long as there are at least 2 companies that can provide the product/service. Contracts over $100,000 can be set aside if enough small businesses are able to do the work. Contracts over $500,000 have to include a small business subcontracting plan so that small businesses can get work under these large contracts. Small Business Contracts less than $100,000 or those where 2 or more small businesses can fulfill the contract can be set aside for small businesses. This is typically a contracting officer decision after they perform market research. Contracts can be fully set aside or partially set aside (large company and small company). The SBA’s definition of a small business varies based on industry but typically is less than 500 employees or less than $5,000,000 in revenue. The government has an overall goal of 23% of prime contracts flowing to small businesses and in 2006 the actual was 23.09%. HUB Zone The HUBZone program is to encourage small businesses located in designated high unemployment, low-income areas through set aside contracts. HUBZone stands for â€Å"Historically Underutilized Business Zone†. To qualify a company must be a small business, owned and controlled 51% by US citizens, have a  main office in a HUBZone and have at least 35% of employees living in a HUBZone. The governments contracting goal is 3% of all prime contract dollars being awarded to HUBZone businesses. There are also sole source contracts possible and 10% price preference (HUBZone company prices can be 10% higher and still be considered competitive). To become HUBZone qualified the company must submit an application and supporting documentation to the SBA. In 2007 $1.764 billion was spent on HUBZone contracts. SBIR/STTR The SBIR/STTR program was established to provide small companies with funding to develop products which have government and commercial potential. SBIRs are research grants to fund research and development efforts. In 2005 federal agencies spent $1.85 billion on SBIR awards. STTR is similar to SBIR except the company must partner with a university under an STTR. Federal agencies with RD expenditures over $100 million per year set aside 2.5% of the RD funds for the SBIR program. Twenty percent of the SBIR award companies were founded entirely or partly based on SBIR contracts (â€Å"An Assessment of the SBIR Program†). SBIR is a three-phase program. Phase I is worth up to $100,000 and is to explore whether the proposed solution will work. Phase II can have a budget of up to $750,000 and is to develop a proof of concept. Phase III is to commercialize the solution and has a mix of government and private funding. 8(a) Small disadvantaged businesses may apply to the SBA 8(a) program. To qualify a business must be owned by socially or economically disadvantaged people, in business for at least 2 years and owners must have a net worth under $250,000. Once certified by the SBA 8(a) companies have set aside contracts available. Women-Owned There is no formal certification for women-owned small businesses – it is self-certified. The government contracting goal is 5% to women-owned businesses but there are no specific set aside programs. In 2006 the government awarded 3.4% of contract dollars to women-owned businesses. Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned (SDVO) Veterans who are certified as service-disabled and own a company can be qualified as a service disabled veteran owned company. There is no formal certification process (self-certified) other than the Veteran’s Administration qualifying them as service disabled. The government-wide contracting goal is 3% to SDVO. Just 0.12% of total prime contract dollars were to service disabled veteran-owned businesses. Veteran-Owned Veteran-owned companies is a self-certifying designation when at least 51% of the company is owned by veterans. There are no specific set aside programs for veteran-owned. Just 0.6% of total prime contract dollars were to veteran-owned businesses. Small Disadvantaged Business Small disadvantaged businesses are 51% owned and controlled by African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, Subcontinent Asian Americans, and Native Americans. This designation is self-certifying. Native American Native American (including Alaskan and Hawaiian) can have contracts set aside and sole-sourced to them.

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies More than a few eyebrows were raised in 2010 when the U.S. Department of Agriculture bought 85 fully automatic submachine guns. However, the USDAÂ  is just one of 73 federal government agencies employing full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests in the United States. Brief Overview According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics latest (2008) Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers, the combined federal government agencies employ about 120,000 full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests. That is roughly the equivalent of 40 officers per 100,000 U.S. residents. By comparison, there is one member of the U.S. Congress per 700,000 residents. Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized by law to perform four specific functions: conduct criminal investigations, execute search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms.From 2004 to 2008, the number of federal law enforcement officers with arrest and firearms authority grew by 14% or about 15,000 officers. The federal agencies also employ nearly 1,600 officers in the U.S. territories, primarily in Puerto Rico. The Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers does not include data on officers in the U.S. Armed Forces, or the Central Intelligence Agency and the Transportation Security Administrations Federal Air Marshals Service, due to national security restrictions.The number of Federal Law Enforcement Officers has increased rapidly in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Since the 9/11/2001 attacks, the ranks of Federal Law Enforcement Officers grew from about 88,000 in 2000, to about 120,000 in 2008. Front Line Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Excluding 33 Offices of Inspectors General, 24 federal agencies each employed more than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority in 2008. Indeed, law enforcement is the main function of most of these agencies. Few people would be surprised to see field agents of the Border Patrol, FBI, U.S. Marshals Service or the Secret Service carrying guns and making arrests. The complete list includes: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (36,863 officers)Federal Bureau of Prisons (16,835)Federal Bureau of Investigation (12,760)U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (12,446)U.S. Secret Service (5,213)Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (4,696)Drug Enforcement Administration (4,308)U.S. Marshals Service (3,313)Veterans Health Administration (3,128)Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation (2,636)Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (2,541)U.S. Postal Inspection Service (2,288)U.S. Capitol Police (1,637)National Park Service - Rangers (1,404)Bureau of Diplomatic Security (1,049)Pentagon Force Protection Agency (725)U.S. Forest Service (644)U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (598)National Park Service - U.S. Park Police (547)National Nuclear Security Administration (363)U.S. Mint Police (316)Amtrak Police (305)Bureau of Indian Affairs (277)Bureau of Land Management (255) From 2004 to 2008, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) added more than 9,000 officers, the largest increase at any federal agency. A majority of the CBP increase occurred in the Border Patrol, which added more than 6,400 officers during the 4-year period.Officers of the Veterans Health Administration need arrest and firearms authority because they provide law enforcement and protective services for over 150 VA medical centers located nationwide.At the Cabinet department level, component agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, employed about 55,000 officers or 46% of all federal officers with arrest and firearms authority in 2008. Agencies of the Department of Justice (DOJ) employed 33.1% of all officers, followed by other executive branch agencies (12.3%), the judicial branch (4.0%), the independent agencies (3.6%) and the legislative branch (1.5%).Within the legislative branch, the U.S. Capitol Police (USCP) employed 1,637 officers to provide police services for the U.S. Capitol grounds and buildings. With full law enforcement authority in the area immediately surrounding the Capitol complex, the USCP is the largest federal law enforcement agency operating wholly within the nations capital.The largest employer of federal officers outside of the executive branch was the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC). The AOUSC employed 4,696 probation officers with arrest and firearm authority in its Federal Corrections and Supervision Division in 2008. The Not-So-Obvious Federal Law Enforcement Agencies In 2008, another 16 federal agencies not so typically associated with police powers employed fewer than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority. These included: Bureau of Engraving and Printing (207 officers)Environmental Protection Agency (202)Food and Drug Administration (183)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (149)Tennessee Valley Authority (145)Federal Reserve Board (141)U.S. Supreme Court (139)Bureau of Industry and Security (103)National Institutes of Health (94)Library of Congress (85)*Federal Emergency Management Agency (84)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (62)Government Printing Office (41)National Institute of Standards Technology (28)Smithsonian National Zoological Park (26)Bureau of Reclamation (21) * The Library of Congress Police ceased operation in 2009 when its duties were assumed by the U.S. Capitol Police.Most of the officers employed by these agencies are assigned to provide security and protective services at the agencys buildings and grounds. Officers employed by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors provide security and protective services only at the Boards Washington, D.C. headquarters. Officers serving at the various Federal Reserve banks and branches are hired by the individual banks and were not counted in the Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers. And the Inspectors General Finally, 33 of the 69 federal Offices of Inspectors General (OIG), including the Department of Educations OIG, employed a total of 3,501 criminal investigators with firearms and arrest authority in 2008. These 33 Offices of Inspectors General represent all 15 Cabinet-level departments, as well as 18 other federal agencies, boards and commissions.Among other duties, officers of the Offices of Inspectors General often investigate cases of improper, wasteful or illegal activities, including theft, fraud and wrongful use of public funds.For example, OIG officers recently investigated the General Services Administrations outrageous $800,000 team-building meeting in Las Vegas, and a series of scams being perpetrated against Social Security recipients. Are These Officers Trained? Along with training they may have received in the military or other law enforcement agencies, most federal law enforcement officers are required to complete training at one of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) facilities. In addition to training in basic to advanced law enforcement, criminology, and tactical driving, FLETCs Firearms Division provides intensive training in the safe handling and justifiable use of firearms.

Sustainable marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable marketing plan - Essay Example The Oman Air played a significant contribution in making Muscat as a major traffic hub through initiating wide number of commercial, industrial and tourism activities. The network of airline services of Oman Air operates in Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Indian subcontinent. The growth and development history of Oman Air witnessed the commitment towards offering sustainable, reliable and quality services to the customers (Oman Air 2012). Target market Stakeholder analysis and profitability figures of Oman Air have revealed that company is primarily engaged in delivering luxurious airline services to business travelers. Oman Air seeks to target elite class customers, leisure travelers and tourists aspire to enhance their airline service experience. The services are primarily designed to attract and cater international business, pleasure travelers, and upscale customers. In other words, upper middle and high income groups’ customers serve the major target market of Oman Air. The customers seeking comfort, convenience, and value added services are targeted by the company. The middle and low income class customers are already being taken by the low cost carriers and other airline companies. The battle remain in the upper middle and affluent customers, therefore the company intends to target and formulates marketing strategy in order to gain control over this target audience. Oman Air is strived towards delivering consistent and reliable airline services to the target audience evidenced by the continuous increase in the air passenger traffic report of CAPA-Centre for Aviation & Oman Air. The constant increase in the air traffic passengers of Oman Air also indicates the ever increasing expectations of target audience. The target audience adopts for the Oman Air airline services in the expectation of getting more personalized and innovative airline services (Oman Air 2012). Goals for marketing campaign (20 points) The marketing campaign of the Oman Air strives to provide new dimension to the existing airline services of the company. The goals of the marketing campaign in terms of both the 3B’s (Brand, Buzz, and Behavior) and the 3BL (People, Planet, Profits) are: Goals in terms of Brand, Buzz, and Behavior 1) Improving appearance of Oman Air as remarkable, safety, bold and fresh airlines through adding or improving in-flight services features. 2) Fostering the brand image of Oman Air as responsive, prompt, fast, customer oriented, and having courteous attitude. 3) To keep pace with the technological advancement in order to introduce new business models. 4) Formulating promotional messages showing respect and courtesy towards other cultures and backgrounds. 5) To become a member of global premium airline service platform in the coming ten years. 6) To become airline of choice for pleasure travelers and premium customers across worldwide. 7) Offering differentiated and personalized services from all key touch points to strengthen bra nd personality. 8) Increasing presence in the global cities to emerge as a global player. 9) Positioning the airline services in more personalized manner in order to stimulate existing market share. 10) Investigate and introduce new comfort, convenience, and technology driven factors in airline services of Oman Air. 11) Providing a delightful flying experience in order to gain foothold in new geographical regions. Goals in terms of profit, people, planet 12) To increase the revenue growth from 35% to 40% by the end

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis Essay

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis - Essay Example 2. The Uppsala Model 8 Section Three 11 Macro environmental analysis 11 Market specific analysis 14 Section Four 16 Market Entry Modes 16 List of references 19 Section One Introduction Uniqlo Company limited is a Japanese clothing company. The name Uniqlo was as a result of the combination of ‘Unique’ and ‘clothing’ (Frankel, 2011). This company specializes in the manufacturing and retailing of casual wear (Uniqlo, 2012). It was first established in 1984 by Tadashi Yanai and opened its first shop in Hiroshima in that same year. The company was originally a division of the Fast retailing Company limited, a retail holding company. Fast retailing company owns many other brands that include Aspesi, foot park, National Standard and Princess Tam-Tam among others (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo has continued to be in existence in the fashion industry for a long period of time making impact and changing the perceptions people hold of the fashion industry. In 2005 its management restructured it and separated it from Fast Trading Company to form a new wholly owned subsidiary called Uniqlo Company Limited. It was during the same period of time that it became listed on the Tokyo Stock exchange (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo is currently headed by Yadashi Yanai who was its founder and president but has other managers in the various outlets of the company. History Uniqlo first began its operations in Hiroshima where it opened its first shop in 1984. ... The parent company continued its operations under its original name Ogori Shoji until 1991 when it rebranded to Fast retailing company. Unique began a spirited effort to expand its market and by the end of 1994 the company had over 100 stores in Japan only (Fast Retailing, 2010). The company was fast growing and therefore had to think of strategies that would enable it to continue serving its markets. This necessitated it to come up with the SPA strategies adopted from The Gap- an American retailing giant, which aimed at producing and selling their clothing exclusively (Fast Retailing , 2011). The company then set out for overseas expansion after sales turnover and gross profit from their operations in Japan peaked in 2001, boasting of over 500 stores in Japan only. In 2002, the company established Fast Retailing Apparel Company in china and began operating the first Uniqlo outlet in Shanghai China. Uniqlo then made a huge move in 2002 from the Asian market to venture into the Europe an market and established four outlets in London (Fast Retailing, 2010). The England market proved difficult to work in with as sales were below the company’s expectations. This caused a sharp drop in profits in 2003 and the company began working jointly with other Japanese companies and celebrities in order to boost its dwindling sales. Since 2005, the company has engaged itself in an aggressive expansion plan and has opened stores all over the world including, The United States with stores in New York City, In China with stores in Hong Kong and formed a joint venture with Lotte in order to enter the South Korean Market. It has continued its operations in Europe opening more stores since the profits and sales began to

David cole interviews Dr. Franciszek Piper + David cole on the Phil Essay

David cole interviews Dr. Franciszek Piper + David cole on the Phil Donahue Show - Essay Example However, Anne and Margot (her sister) changed course to Bergen-Belsen as they were young individuals and had a lot of energy necessary for labor duties in the context of Gestapo (Hanna 56). After the arrival of Eli Wiesel and his father to Birkenau Camp, they received orders of assignment to a barrack located the Gypsy Camp. They were miraculously spared death just as they were about to step into the flaming fires that would eventually kill them. The Germans were afraid of the Soviet Union troops and they could not stand a chance against them and they could not also have the time to organize the captives. So it was up to the individual to make up his or her own mind. The design of the gas chamber was very distinct and it shows that its sole intention was to ferry something on a stretcher into the raving fire ignited by the gas. It is impossible to define what really went into the chamber and the lower section of the chamber there is a slot for adding firewood. The Nazis as we know them were a brutal community that did not feel mercy and it is obvious that they designed the machine to deal with the traitors. It was a permanent structure due to the heaviness of the material used in the construction mainly metal. I think the chimney was meant to let the smoke into the air as burning human remains have a really bad and awful smell. The interview was an interesting revelation into the past lives of those that found themselves caught in the crossfire of the warring countries. The interview shed a lot of light on the experiences that the people had to go through and bear with the harsh and brutal tyrannies of the Nazis and it provided some form of clarity into the issues that were somehow controversial. I think the interview was indeed educative and promoted comparative studies into documented historical and chronological data into events that unfolded during these

Humes Critique of Causality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humes Critique of Causality - Essay Example Our idea of causality arises from our impressions of three kinds of relations between objects: the relation of contiguity or contact, such as when billiard balls collide, and second, temporal priority, the idea that the effect should immediately follow the cause. These two, when taken together, is what Hume calls conjunction, which can be confirmed by sense experience, but it cannot give us an idea of necessary connection. The third kind of relationship that must be present in our idea of cause and effect is indeed, necessary connection. By necessary connection, Hume means the relation between cause and effect in which the cause necessarily produces the effect. But from what impression do we derive the idea of a necessary connection between cause and effect? Hume claims that there is no rational proof or basis for the causal principle; â€Å"this principle is mere custom or habit† (Hume 37). We only think that a particular cause must ‘necessarily’ have a particula r effect because we have the idea of a necessary connection between a cause and an effect after we experience their conjunctions repeatedly. If Hume were right here, science would seem to be an impossible endeavor, for it is based on scientific causal laws (Lavine 168). If causality were reduced to a mere psychological law, then we would have no basis for scientific knowledge or any objective knowledge for that matter. The foundations of knowledge would collapse into nothing but meaningless psychology.

Impact of social media on marketing Dissertation

Impact of social media on marketing - Dissertation Example Despite these shifts, it is not known to what extent social media has impacted marketing as a function. There appears to be a gap between marketers’ claim and consumer expectations. Thus, with the aim to evaluate the efficiency of social media on marketing, three objectives were set for the study. After extensive literature review, qualitative primary data was gathered through questionnaire survey administered through the Internet. All three objectives of the study have been achieved. Social media has transformed the marketing process; it has transformed the way people interact and communicate. Social media has been able to leverage relationships, enhance communication and interactions between marketers and consumers. User-generated content has become a powerful source of information and has affected how marketers influence consumers. Customer engagement on the social media has made this function dynamic. This has brought a shift in consumer attitude and behavior as consumers rely on user-generated content to make their purchase decisions. Consumers think positively about companies that have their own web space and blog, and about those companies that are alert and responsive to consumer posts. Based on consumer perceptions, two main attributes that could enhance social media marketing have been identified. These include transparency in information thereby leading to trust, and making the advertisements more personal and carrying an emotional appeal. Marketers need to recognize that social media marketing cannot be a standalone strategy as consumers seek a seamless experience across all channels. The study concludes that social media has definitely changed the way marketers present their brand and communicate with consumers but the scope and potential of social media in the marketing function has yet to be exploited. Recommendations for further study on the subject have been made. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for Research 2 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 4 1.4 Scope of the Study 4 1.5 Structure of the Study 4 Chapter II Literature Review 6 2.1 Chapter Overview 6 2.2 Definition and concept of social media 6 2.3 Social Media Platforms 7 2.3.1 Social networking sites 8 2.3.2 Blogs 8 2.3.3 Twitter - microblogging 9 2.3.4 Video Sharing 9 2.3.5 Photo Sharing 10 2.4 Social media and marketing 10 2.5 Impact of social media on marketing 15 2.6 Changes in purchase behavior 17 2.7 Consumer benefits through social media 18 2.8 Customer Expectations on social media 19 2.9 Chapter Summary 20 Chapter III Methodology 22 3.1 Chapter Overview 22 3.2 Research Philosophy 22 3.3 Research Approach 22 3.4 Data Collection Method 23 3.5 Data Analysis 24 3.6 Limitations of the Study 25 3.7 Ethical Considerations 25 3.8 Chapter Summary 26 Chapter IV Findings 27 4.1 Overview 27 4.2 Findings 27 4.3 Chapter Summary 32 Chapter V Discussions 33 5.1 Chapter Overview 33 5.2 Effects of social media on Marketing 33 5.3 C hanges in consumer behavior 35 5.4 Attributes that could enhance social media marketing 37 5.5 Chapter Summary 40 Chapter VI Conclusion and Recommendations 41 6.1 Conclusion 41 6.2 Recommendations for further research 43 References 45 Appendix A 48 Figures & Charts Figure 2.1 Social Media Triangle 7 Figure 2.2 Traditional Marketing 11 Figure 2.3 Social Media Marketing 12 Chart 2.1 Why consumers share their experiences? 19 Chart 4.1 User-Generated Content in Purchase Decision 28 Chart 4.2 Consumers’ Impression of Responsiveness 29 Chart 4.3 Consumer Awareness of Social Media 30 Chart 4.4 Consumer Suggestions Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background The function of marketing has evolved from being a one-way

Supervision and Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supervision and Law - Coursework Example To that effect, the supervisors often use humiliation and embarrassment as a management tool. The law requires the correctional workplace to be favorable to the employees (Lombardo & Schroeder, 2013). Good supervision improves motivation, job satisfaction, and staff confidence. However, ToersBijns (2013) notes that the correctional workplace is filled with fatigue, tension, stress, and anxiety that are all a perfect formula for burnout. The officers suffer from sleep deprivation and shift disorientation working for odd hours as well as the overtime in order to make up for the staff shortages and follow the supervisor’s requirements. On one hand, the administration demands perfection, while on the other hand, the general public is eager to understand how the correctional officers are doing their job. As for the correctional facilities officers, the longer one works in an incarceration facility the harder they can find positive things in life and often plunge in low-self esteem, depression, and aggression. These emotions are signs of burnout and distress and occurs to e very officer that come to work daily. If the law is not adequately addressed, the supervisor often frowns upon the sick leave, thus denying the officers a work-life balance. Most officers cite the the supervisors as their main nemesis toying around with shifts, rotating the posts, and changing the personnel rules, along with psychologically detrimental issues play into the fatigue factor and drive down the performance and morale of the officers. ToersBijns, C. (2013, April 3). Correctional Officers: Victims of Abuse by Negativity. Retrieved April 15, 2015, from

Humes Critique of Causality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humes Critique of Causality - Essay Example Our idea of causality arises from our impressions of three kinds of relations between objects: the relation of contiguity or contact, such as when billiard balls collide, and second, temporal priority, the idea that the effect should immediately follow the cause. These two, when taken together, is what Hume calls conjunction, which can be confirmed by sense experience, but it cannot give us an idea of necessary connection. The third kind of relationship that must be present in our idea of cause and effect is indeed, necessary connection. By necessary connection, Hume means the relation between cause and effect in which the cause necessarily produces the effect. But from what impression do we derive the idea of a necessary connection between cause and effect? Hume claims that there is no rational proof or basis for the causal principle; â€Å"this principle is mere custom or habit† (Hume 37). We only think that a particular cause must ‘necessarily’ have a particula r effect because we have the idea of a necessary connection between a cause and an effect after we experience their conjunctions repeatedly. If Hume were right here, science would seem to be an impossible endeavor, for it is based on scientific causal laws (Lavine 168). If causality were reduced to a mere psychological law, then we would have no basis for scientific knowledge or any objective knowledge for that matter. The foundations of knowledge would collapse into nothing but meaningless psychology.

Supervision and Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supervision and Law - Coursework Example To that effect, the supervisors often use humiliation and embarrassment as a management tool. The law requires the correctional workplace to be favorable to the employees (Lombardo & Schroeder, 2013). Good supervision improves motivation, job satisfaction, and staff confidence. However, ToersBijns (2013) notes that the correctional workplace is filled with fatigue, tension, stress, and anxiety that are all a perfect formula for burnout. The officers suffer from sleep deprivation and shift disorientation working for odd hours as well as the overtime in order to make up for the staff shortages and follow the supervisor’s requirements. On one hand, the administration demands perfection, while on the other hand, the general public is eager to understand how the correctional officers are doing their job. As for the correctional facilities officers, the longer one works in an incarceration facility the harder they can find positive things in life and often plunge in low-self esteem, depression, and aggression. These emotions are signs of burnout and distress and occurs to e very officer that come to work daily. If the law is not adequately addressed, the supervisor often frowns upon the sick leave, thus denying the officers a work-life balance. Most officers cite the the supervisors as their main nemesis toying around with shifts, rotating the posts, and changing the personnel rules, along with psychologically detrimental issues play into the fatigue factor and drive down the performance and morale of the officers. ToersBijns, C. (2013, April 3). Correctional Officers: Victims of Abuse by Negativity. Retrieved April 15, 2015, from

Types of Alcoholic Beverages Essay Example for Free

Types of Alcoholic Beverages Essay Beer is the worlds oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches which are mainly derived from cereal grains — most commonly malted barley although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used. Alcoholic beverages which are distilled after fermentation, fermented from non-cereal sources such as grapes or honey, or fermented from un-malted cereal grain, are not classified as beer. The two main types of beer are lager and ale. Ale is further classified into varieties such as pale ale, stout, and brown ale. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative. Other flavourings, such as fruits or herbs, may also be used. The alcoholic strength of beer is usually 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV), but it may be less than 1% or more than 20%. Beer is part of the drinking culture of various nations and has acquired social traditions such as beer festivals, pub culture, pub games, and pub crawling. The basics of brewing beer are shared across national and cultural boundaries. The beer-brewing industry is global in scope, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and thousands of smaller producers, which range from regional breweries to microbreweries . Wine Wine is produced from grapes, and fruit wine is produced from fruits such as plums, cherries, or apples. Wine involves a longer (complete) fermentation process and a long aging process (months or years) that results in an alcohol content of 9%–16% ABV. Sparkling wine can be made by adding a small amount of sugar before bottling, which causes a secondary fermentation to occur in the bottle. Spirits Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic beverages that have an alcohol content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits. Spirits are produced by the distillation of a fermented base product. Distilling concentrates the alcohol and eliminates some of the congeners. Spirits can be added to wines to create fortified wines, such as port and sherry.

Reflective Assessment: Bucket and Dipper Theory

Reflective Assessment: Bucket and Dipper Theory Ming Chak Ip   The module was centered on the issue of positive response and feedback on events. It relied heavily on the bucket and dipper theory which was developed by Don Clifton and Tom Rath. It purports that we all have an invincible bucket and dipper. When our bucket is overflowing, we are filled with positive emotions and we impact others around us constructively through words and reaction. The dipper is what we use to fill other peoples invincible buckets. The theory is bent on the positive repercussions of positive responses and influences on others. When we receive information positively and respond graciously, we maximize the positive impacts on our recipients and positive outcomes are reflected in our being as well. This theory is further enhanced by the study by Shelly Gable, which proposes highly that when people share good news and their experiences in life, they form more productive social connections. Sharing promotes ones emotional well-being and allows them to continue engaging p ositively with the people and environments around them. The bucket and dipper theory is very fundamental in informing and enhancing interpersonal relations. It fosters the development of personal skills and, thus, it is very relevant to the growth of a corporate and to ones personal development. The bucket and dipper theory is a positivity pathway that informs productive relationships within and outside the workplace. It emphasizes the need for active and constructive responses as opposed to passive and destructive inputs (Rath Clifton, 2009). The theory can be enhanced in ones life through acts such as active listening to our family and friends as they communicate with us, and practicing mindfulness and emotional and physical presence during the communication. It would also be enhanced further when we avoid cutting into the stories of the speaker, with our own experiences and advice very early into the conversation. Further, we should be genuinely authentic as we engage in asking positive questions about the incidents of the speakers. O ur support should be gracious and we should commend and congratulate our peers for their positive undertakings. Consequently, our engagement with the speaker should be used to enhance their experience and highlight the importance of their achievements. More importantly, we should always seek to fill the empty buckets around us through gestures and extra acts of kindness. One of the main limitations of the theory is the assumption that we can attain optimal positivity in all undertakings in life (McCloud, 2015). In some instances, it is not possible to give active and constructive feedbacks; we are required to critique negative undertakings and behaviors in our peers and friends. While passive and destructive and active and destructive responses will do more damage than good, we need to find a place of agreeability where our response is not active and constructive. We should aim at balanced emotions and reactions based on the specific incidents. On an average day at work, I have extensive contact with the younger workmates who are training interns with the organization. I am required to assist them with their assignments and direct them on issues they do not understand about the organization. Being a junior manager, this is a duty I considered cumbersome since it includes my daily engagement in evaluating their experiences in the field and going over minor details of their routine. It requires a lot of patience and skills in directing the interns, who are fresh from college, regarding their assignments. In most of our discussion engagements, I have noticed that one of the interns is especially enthusiastic about minor details which I considered irrelevant. She enjoyed highlighting her experiences with her peers and customers through the day and fusing the interactions with the eventual assignments. This habit was initially annoying to me since it drew me from the main target which was to complete my assessment with the all t he interns and redirect my efforts to more serious assignments of the day. After engaging with the module readings, however, I am more informed on how nurturing positive feedback mechanisms and sharing the minor details and achievements of the day have a positive impact, not only on my interns but on my personal and professional development as well. By applying the module teachings, I started listening attentively and responding actively and constructively to the interns, especially to the arguments of the most enthusiastic lady in the group. I observed better learning experiences for both of us. I was able to inspire her understanding of the assignments in a better manner since; we would apply the lessons from her interactions with her friends to solving major issues of the assignments and illustrating more applicable principles to corporate development. I realized that my relationship with her and my other interns has been greatly enhanced as I continued to fill their buckets on a daily basis. I am a better friend and a better aid by applying the simple concept of listening positively and responding adequately to experiences that I once considered irrelevant. My application of the theory has since extended to other spheres of my life. I am able to relate better with my other colleagues and seniors at the workplace, and with pe ople, including strangers, I meet on a daily basis. I am a better team player at work; I have a better understanding of the people around me and the little things that impact them in their daily lives. Overly, I am positive of the immense contributions of the module teachings to my overall life. I have become a better listener, I pay more attention to details that are necessary to those around me and I have learned to accommodate views in a more positive and engaging manner. I am striving to be an active and constructive listener to my workmates and family members. I strongly believe that the lessons learned will be of great value as I continue to grow professionally and interact with people around me. They are surely, a great component in the making of a good leader. References ListMcCloud, C. (2015). Have You Filled a Bucket Today?: A Guide to Daily Happiness for Kids. New York: Bucket Fillers. Rath, D., Clifton, D. (2009). How Full Is Your Bucket? Educators Edition: Positive Strategies for Work and Life. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Role of Women in China versus America :: essays research papers

Different cultures promote widely variant ideas of the proper role and place of women within a society but I am discussing women in China and America. Is there something significant in the similarities and differences on my list? The American women are totally different from the Chinese women. American women enjoy more personal freedom and independence than women in many other parts of the world. In many places in the world, women are expected to hold marriage and children as their primary goals and interest. Margaret Walsh stated that ?the main activity of these women was domestic, during later stages of frontier development, many were involved in activities such as prostitution? (241). In America, a woman is just as likely to decide that her education, for instance, needs to be completed before she can consider marriage or family. ?In America the women have taken the role of the men, the men the women, and the children are the heads of the households? (Currie 71). I feel that the men should take on their own role because the women should be able to work also even though some people say that a woman?s places is at home cooking and cleaning. The role of women in China has changed dramatically, from one servitude and repression in ancient China, to one of equality in modern China. China women were sometimes subject to their father but when they got married they were subjected to obey their husband without and questioning. ?This study considers family development and attitudes toward motherhood in light of changing roles of women in China. The effects of revolutionary events and government policies on marriage and the traditional family are presented based on interviews conducted in China and a review of the literature? (Hare-Mustin and Hare 67-82). I think that women in any culture should have the same role because it seem like China women have no freedom. Some women went to night school, or worked at the factory until laws were passed to equalize women under the law.

Brain Drain :: essays research papers

Brain Drain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic I have chosen is the â€Å"Brain Drain†. Is this a brain drain or a brain gain for Canada? Canadians believe it is a brain drain for them. The United States is also losing some of their students to Canada. This is a real issue facing Canadians; they are losing many of their highly educated students each year. â€Å"The issue of â€Å"brain drain† is a political hot potato in Canada†. (Quoted by Wayne Kondro). Many of these students are moving to the United States because they are being paid a lot better. This so called â€Å"brain drain† south was particularly dramatic in the mid- 1990’s. There are many knowledgeable Canadians heading South of the border. Our low Canadian dollar is part of the reason why people chose to move to the States. Canadian’s are being paid much more working in the US than they are being paid in Canada. High taxes are another reason Canada is driving people into the states. Another main reason why so many Canadians are leaving to live in the U.S. is the North American Free Trade Agreement. The so called brain drain is actually a brain gain. The ratio is 1:4, for every Canadian going to the U.S., Canada is gaining four U.S. educated students. Immigrants are three times more likely to hold a master’s degree, doctoral or medical degree than the Canadian born population is. Therefore, this says that people who are immigrating into Canada are keeping more of their degrees, than people immigrating to the states. In the end not all the people moving to the states stay there, there is a small percentage of them moving back. Maybe because in the states they aren’t getting all the benefits Canadians are getting. For example medical care. The facts state that this is a brain drain. There are more than one hundred thousand skilled Canadians moving out of Canada each year. This includes graduates and people who are being offered better paying job. A recent poll said that eight out of ten Canadian’s have considered moving to the U.S. Eighty one percent say that the biggest lure is the higher pay. â€Å"Just over 4,600 post-secondary graduates from the class of 1995 were living in the United States as of the summer of 1997. By the time of the survey in March 1999, about 830 (18%) of these graduates had moved back to Canada†.

Critical Response to Martin and Milway’s Editorial Essay

In â€Å"A Productive Labour: The Only Limit to Productivity Growth is Human Ingenuity,† authors Martin and Milway present an argument for increasing productivity as a means of raising Canada’s economic health and living standards. Although Martin and Milway’s editorial on productivity present a piece that is rational and easily understood, its effort to convince that readers of its main argument is encumbered by weaknesses in the authors’ approach and reasoning that lead to more questions being raised than answered in the course of one’s reading. The editorial underlines the importance of improving Canada’s productivity in light of rising prices of manufactured goods and services that accompanied the strengthening of the Canadian dollar in 2001. The main argument put forth is that enhancing productivity is critical in ensuring improvements on the country’s living standards. The authors proceed to support their arguments by presenting two ways by which living standards can be raised, the first by increasing the number of working hours or using up more natural and physical resources for sustained wealth creation, and the second by improving productivity or raising the value created per working hour. After illustrating that the first way is not a viable alternative, the authors then concentrate on convincing the reader why the second way is better by defining the concept of productivity based on efficiency and innovation. The strength of Martin and Milway’s editorial lies in its ability to appeal to the rational side of its readers and their ability to tackle an otherwise complicated subject in simple terms. The authors attempt to defend their arguments by stating facts and carefully defining their subject, that is, productivity. As a result, the readers are compelled to view their argument in consideration of the definition that they present. Unfortunately, several weaknesses in Martin and Milway’s editorial in terms of their approach and in their reasoning reduce the effectivity of their argument. The biggest errors that exist in the editorial are faulty reasoning and the inability of the authors to substantiate their claim. As a consequence, the authors fail to persuade readers that â€Å"productivity is the surest way to raise our living standards. † (par. 4) The editorial was clearly written to convince readers that Canada needs to raise its productivity if it is to continue its economic growth and if it is to raise living standards. On the other hand, the authors fail to present evidence to substantiate this claim aside from the argument that it is the most cost-effective alternative in terms of labour, time, and natural resources. The authors automatically assumed that the readers of the editorial would readily accept that an increase in economic growth follows from an increase in productivity. Likewise, this argument raises several implications: first, that economic growth is not possible without an increased productivity; second, that productivity growth always leads to a raise in the living standards. It is here that the informed audience becomes wary as the authors’ bias shows through in their failure to consider countries with high productivity growth but low living standards. This shows a lack of forethought of the authors in answering the questions that would be inevitably raised by their argument. The main weakness of the editorial is that the authors commit fallacies in reasoning. For one, they are â€Å"begging the question† wherein the reader must already accept the conclusion in order to accept the evidence forwarded (Boyne, et. al. , 69). For instance, the authors enumerate the ways by which productivity can be improved to support their main contention. They state that â€Å"productivity increases in one of two ways: greater efficiency in how we employ labour and capital, or greater value creation per unit of these inputs. †(par. 8) This flow of the discussion reflects an assumption on the part of the authors that their main argument has already been accepted by the readers since discussing the ways by which productivity can be improved does not necessarily support the argument that productivity will improve the country’s economy. This circular reasoning makes the reader feel like the authors are trying to sound logical but cannot support their argument beyond the definition of the subject. Another obvious error in reasoning in the Martin and Milway’s editorial is superstition (Boyne, et. al. , 70) or hasty generalization. The authors attempt to prove the argument that â€Å"Productivity growth also benefits workers and consumers† (par. 14) by stating that â€Å"countries and regions with higher productivity pay higher wages† (par. 14) which assumes that higher wages automatically result from higher productivity. If one is to follow this argument, then it would imply that countries and regions that pay lower wages are not productive or low in productivity. In sum, a critical analysis of the piece reveals that the weaknesses outweigh the positive aspects in Martin and Milway’s editorial. Shortcomings in substantiating the editorial’s central argument with credible evidence as well as the inability to defend their argument in a logical manner renders the entire editorial ineffective in convincing the reader of the importance of improving productivity to improve their lives.

Blood Brothers Essay

You are the director of a new production of blood brothers. Give advice to the actors playing the roles of Eddie and Mickey about how to tackle the age changes. You must comment on at least two scenes in detail. If you have seen a production of Blood Brothers you may also refer to this. In the scene when you both meet for the first time you must consider your body language. You must consider how an eight year old would walk and stand. An eight year old would have fewer worries than someone who is older than them so they would walk not really paying much attention to what is around them. You would also have to think how someone who is better off would walk compared to someone who is from a less well off background. You have got to consider how to use the tone of your voice. At first they were a bit shy. But after they first met you would have to consider how an eight year old would not be shy so they would say anything so say your lines so the audience have no clue to what you will say next. Another important factor to consider is the way you deliver your lines. You should deliver your lines in a free flowing way. When they are swearing you should not feel like people might be offended. In the scene when you Mickey and Eddie meet for the first time after they have both moved to the country you should pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both 16 – 17 years olds. So you have to think about how a 16 – 17 year old would act. A 16 – 17 year old would have more problems than a person of 8 years old but still not as many as an older person. You still have to consider how a person who is better off would act compared to a person from the ghetto. Again you would have to consider the tone of your voice. You would expect a teenager to swear more and they may speak with a slight mumble. Again you should consider the way you deliver your lines. In the scene when Mickey is trying to kill Eddie you should again pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both in they’re thirty’s. Mickey is depressed and he has a lot of problems an example of which was that he was put in jail for his brother shooting someone. While Eddie on the other hand has few, because he has a successful business. Mickey has just realised that Eddie is seeing his girlfriend Linda. When Mickey is pointing the gun at Eddie, Eddie has to act scared because he fears for his life. Mickey is holding the gun so that he feels in control instead of having Eddie control his life. Mickey has to act confused because Eddie made his life; he gave him a job and a nice home. You again have to consider the tone of your voice. Mickey should say his lines in a sort of stuttery way. Eddie should deliver his lines in a scared voice, while Mickey should deliver his lines in a scared and confused way.

The List of All U.S Colleges With a Nutrition Major

Nutrition majors study food and the way the body uses it to function and fuel activity. Along with evaluating the ways in which factors like age, sex, and pregnancy affect our digestion, nutritionists strive to use what they’ve learned to help clients lose weight, manage illness, and boost overall health. It’s no secret that America is facing an obesity crisis . As a nutritionist, you’ll have the opportunity to help improve the quality of life of a percentage of the 93.3 million U.S. adults currently suffering from this and other conditions. Read on to learn which colleges and universities offer a nutrition program, along with what it takes to get accepted into this major. Majoring in nutrition offers students the opportunity to change the world — and people’s lives — for the better. Ideal for students with a talent for science and a passion for service, the nutrition field involves helping individuals make better choices with regard to food. As a nutritionist, you’ll have the opportunity to work one on one with clients and provide feedback on their progress. Additionally, you’ll have the chance to speak to schools and businesses, inspiring large groups to make changes. One of the benefits of applying to a nutrition program is that it affords you plenty of career potential. As a nutritionist, you can opt to work on your own or for a larger company, like a school, hospital, or private organization. Additionally, graduates with a bachelor’s degree in nutrition can find employment as food product development scientists, who work to protect the safety, flavor, and health value of various food products. Other jobs for nutrition majors include nutritional therapist, food safety auditor, nutrition educator, and nutrition writer. If you opt to major in nutrition, you’ll also develop knowledge and soft skills that can benefit you in a wide range of fields. Because nutritionists have to create spreadsheets and develop meal plans, individuals in this field tend to boast extensive computer skills. Moreover, nutrition students often excel at researching complex topics and finding ways to convey the information to clients. And of course, nutritionists need to be empathetic and non-judgmental if they hope to help clients achieve better health. ring that the development and production of food items comply with all applicable laws is the task of regulatory affairs specialists. If you want to get accepted into a nutrition program, it pays to start preparing early on in your high school career. Students looking to major in this field can impress admissions committees by taking courses in biology, chemistry, human anatomy, and physiology. If your school offers them, consider studying biochemistry and economics as well. Finally, a psychology background can help nutritionists learn how people think so they become more effective communicators. Extracurriculars can also have an effect on your odds of getting into a nutrition program. Because majoring in nutrition involves a great deal of math and science, students can show their passion and quantitative capacity by joining a Science Olympiad, participating in a math club, or signing up for a robotics team. Additionally, applicants can demonstrate their love of healthy eating by writing for a food blog or taking cooking classes. If you need additional support getting accepted to a nutrition program, the Early Advising Program can help. We pair high school freshmen and sophomores with custom-chosen advisors from top 30 colleges. Whether you need help choosing the right courses or selecting extracurriculars, our mentors will be in your corner. Our goal is to give every student a custom roadmap to achieving their dreams. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Interested in majoring in nutrition? Here is a complete list of U.S. colleges and universities that offer programs in this field: Arkansas State University | A–State Bowling Green State University | BGSU C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University | LIU Post California Baptist University | CBU California Polytechnic State University | Cal Poly California State University, Long Beach | Long Beach State California State University, Los Angeles | Cal State LA California State University, Sacramento | Sacramento State Central Washington University | CWU Delaware State University | Del State East Tennessee State University | ETSU Farmingdale State College | SUNY Farmingdale Florida International University | FIU Grand Valley State University | GVSU Indiana University Bloomington | Indiana Indiana University of Pennsylvania | IUP Louisiana Tech University | La. Tech Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Metropolitan State University of Denver | MSU Denver Middle Tennessee State University | MTSU Mississippi University for Women | MUW New Jersey Institute of Technology | NJIT North Carolina Central University | NCCU North Carolina State University | NC State Northeastern State University | NSU Northwest Missouri State University Oregon Institute of Technology | Oregon Tech Pennsylvania State University | PSU Point Loma Nazarene University | PLNU Prairie View A&M University | PVAMU Queens College, City University of New York | CUNY QC Rochester Institute of Technology | RIT Rutgers University–New Brunswick | Rutgers Sam Houston State University | SHSU South Carolina State University | SCSU Southern Illinois University Carbondale | SIU Southern Illinois University Edwardsville | SIUE State University of New York at Plattsburgh | SUNY Plattsburgh Stephen F. Austin State University | SFA University of Alaska Anchorage | UAA University of California, Davis | UC Davis University of Central Arkansas | UCA University of Central Oklahoma | UCO University of Hawaii at Manoa | UH Manoa University of Illinois at Chicago | UIC University of Louisiana at Lafayette | UL Lafayette University of Maryland Eastern Shore | UMES University of Maryland, College Park | Maryland University of Massachusetts Amherst | UMass Amherst University of Massachusetts Lowell | UMass Lowell University of Minnesota, Twin Cities | Minnesota University of Mississippi | Ole Miss University of Nebraska–Lincoln | UNL University of Nevada, Las Vegas | UNLV University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | UNC University of North Carolina at Greensboro | UNC Greensboro University of Southern Indiana | USI University of Southern Mississippi | Southern Miss University of Texas at Austin | UT Austin University of Texas at San Antonio | UTSA University of the District of Columbia | UDC University of the Incarnate Word | UIW University of Wisconsin-Madison | Wisconsin University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | UWM University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point | UW–Stevens Point University of Wisconsin–Stout | UW–Stout Large public high schools don’t always have the resources needed to help students on their admissions journeys. That’s where comes in. We created our Applications program in an effort to level the playing field by providing all students with the guidance and support they need to achieve their dreams. From helping students identify target, reach, and safety schools to negotiating aid offers, our team offers assistance every step of the way. For more information on our services, call today or contact us online.

Aspects of Contract and Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Aspects of Contract and Negligence - Essay Example The Facts of Donoghue and Stevenson, and the Importance of This Judicial Precedent It is a civil action between two people (Mrs May Donoghue v. David Stevenson). It is important to state that it is not a criminal prosecution. On 26 August 1928, Mrs Donoghue was bought a drink by her friend at the Wellmeadow Cafe in Paisley. She consumed a portion of ginger beer, which contained an ice-cream float. All was well up to this point. However, when the other portion of the bottle was emptied into her glass, something that seemed to be decomposing remains of a snail floated out. The incident made Mrs Donoghue to feel unwell. Mrs Donoghue sued David Stevenson (the manufacturer of the ginger beer) (Scottish Council of Law Reporting 2008, p1). This judicial precedent was of great importance since it was decided by a jury. Most of the civil cases are decided by a judge without the involvement of a jury (Scottish Council of Law Reporting 2008, p1). What Has To Be Proved In Civil Action In Neglige nce And By Whom? A cause of action is a set of facts that establishes a right or claim to sue in the United Kingdom law. A cause of action justifies the commencement of legal proceedings. There are various causes of action. Each action requires certain elements to be proved by the claimant if he or she has to win the case. All the elements of cause of action must be thoroughly explained in the claim with supporting law and facts. The application of the facts based on the law must result in a logical decision and a claim for proper remedy. In civil litigation, the components of each cause of action have to be proved based on the balance of probabilities. A cause of action can emerge from an omission or act, violation of individual rights, failure to execute legal obligation or a breach of duty. All these have to be proved by the claimant in civil action in negligence. The circumstances or facts can cause an individual to seek legal remedy. For instance, in all cases of negligence, th e following elements of cause of action must be considered duty of care, breach of duty, and causation (FindLaw 2012, p1). How Compensation Can Be sought For the Distress Suffered and Loss of Earnings Compensation for damage caused by professional negligence or a breach of contract is usually difficult to deal with especially for the innocent party. In other words, it is difficult for the claimant to be compensated for the distressed suffered and loss of earnings. Decisions made by courts do not award compensation for distress, inconvenience, or anxiety. This is because if they permitted a claim for stress in the simple cases, it would probably open doors for more litigation. However, there are exceptions if the contrary outcome is procured. The objectives of each contract is to offer relaxation, free from molestation, peace of mind or pleasure, thus, damages can be awarded if one or all of the mentioned objectives are not met (Pro Neg 2011, p1). The Lord Atkins’s neighbour p rinciples are applicable in this case. According to the principle, the rule to love the neighbour in law is translated to indicate that the neighbour must not be injured. An individual must be very careful to avoid omissions or acts that can probably injure the neighbour. In law, a neighbour is someone who is directly and closely influenced by the actions of another individual (Chan 2011, p9). Thus, the claimant can seek compensation for